Tuesday, December 29, 2009

Our Work In Mozambique

The following is a list of the work completed by us at the Chicuque Rural Hospital in Mozambique. The trip was a success and the hospital director looks forward to receiving more "WeServe" students in 2010.


Ø Completed an inspection of medical equipment in all departments of the hospital

Ø Created a list of equipment that required restoration, service or maintenance (or any combination thereof)

Ø Diagnosed defects in equipment through inspection, testing and research

Ø Restored equipment to functional state (listed below)

Ø Located and translated manuals (to Portuguese) for future reference of users and maintenance department

Ø Created and posted instructions for:
1) the correct handling of equipment, including blood analyzers, autoclaves, centrifuges, and incubators
2) the correct protocol for procedures related to microscopy, pipetting, sterilization, and centrifugation

Equipment restored:

§ 1 surgical endoscope (Surgery)
§ 1 centrifuge (Laboratory)
§ 1 X-ray ID card scanner (Radiology)
§ 1 ophthalmic microscope (Opthalmology)
§ 1 incubator (Maternity)
§ 1 EKG machine (Medical Ward)
§ 2 ophthalmic machine (Opthalmology)

Equipment requiring replacement parts:

§ 1 incubator (Maternity): requires a new transformer
§ 1 scale (Laboratory): requires a new memory chip
§ 1 autoclave (Surgical): requires a silicone gasket
§ 1 autoclave (Surgical): requires a new heating element

Monday, December 28, 2009

Our final day at Chicuque Rural Hospital
With Dr. Jeremias Franca, Chief Administrator

Friday, December 18, 2009

Alexa posting reference material for the
maintenance of laboratory microscopes
Restored incubator in use
Restored ophthalmic microscope

Thursday, December 17, 2009

Work at the Hospital (Post 9)

We have been working at the hospital for over a week now, and only a few more days remain before we fly back to the U.S. Progress has been good, and together with the maintenance team, we have managed to restore over half a dozen pieces of equipment. We still have a lot of work to do and hopefully, a few more machines will be functionalized before we leave. We are meeting with the Administrative Director of the hospital tomorrow to discuss future plans. He is very excited about hosting more “WeServe” students next year

Tuesday, December 15, 2009

Zain testing an incubator in the maternity ward
Zain and Miguel (head of maintenance department)
examining incubator control panels

Monday, December 14, 2009

About the Chicuque Rural Hospital (post 8)


The hospital is funded in partnership by the Mozambique Ministry of Health and the United Methodist Church. It serves a population of a half million people, many of whom travel a long distance for primary care. Health care remains affordable, regardless of patient background – a fee of 5 meticais (approximately $0.18) is the flat rate for care.

We are continually impressed and inspired by the staff of Chicuque Rural Hospital. Despite limited space, resources, and training, overwhelming numbers of patients, and frequent interruptionjs in electricity and internet, doctors and nurses perform their seemingly impossible duties with enormous dedication and patience. This tolerance and composure applies to patients as well, who arrive without appointments and wait in the reception and consultation areas. Even in the maternity ward, women await their turn to deliver without complaint. Family members await loved ones by passing time on hospital grounds. The conversations and meals shared between families afford an overall sense of community and support among hospital patrons.

Patients and families awaiting consult


Mothers and children passing time
outside of the pediatric ward

The major hospital wards include: general medicine, maternity, pediatrics, and surgery (pre- and post-op care). There are additional units for radiology, dentistry, ophthalmology, emergency medicine, laboratory diagnostics, surgery (and sterilization), and tuberculosis treatment.


Hospital ward

The large undertakings of sterilization and laundering specifically demonstrate the commitment and diligence with which the hospital staff compensates for insufficiencies in the management of equipment. The sterilization unit serves the entire hospital, relying on the work of rotating surgical unit staff. The laundering of linens, bedding, and hospital gowns is performed completely by hand by staff members.


Sterilization unit

The restoration of equipment such as autoclaves and washing machines, as well as the training of operators and technicians on the proper usage and maintenance of these machines, are much needed. Replacement parts and technical assistance are both costly and often available only in Maputo. Resultant delays in the preparation of tools and materials for usage can hinder overall hospital efficiency. However, the staff rises to meet this challenge as hygiene and sanitation are of utmost importance.


Washing machines requiring technical assistance

The hospital is also the site of teaching and training. Medical residents fulfill assignments prior to further specialization. Future lab technicians undergo instruction and examination in the laboratory. We have also learned that Mozambican health care workers acquire wide-ranging proficiency in their respective fields. Surgeons, for instance, have been trained to perform all customary procedures. Irrespective of the limited resources at their disposal, this level of competency allows doctors and nurses to uphold commendable standards and comprehensiveness of health care.

Friday, December 11, 2009

Day 3, Chicuque, Mozambique (post 7)

We started worked today at Chicuque Rural Hospital. We were picked up from our accommodation (in a town called Maxixe, 5 km from Chicuque) by the ambulance and taken to the hospital.



We attended a staff meeting and were introduced to all of the doctors and nurses. The medical team is comprised of doctors from Cuba, Brazil and Mozambique. Following the meeting, Mr. Franca took us to meet with the maintenance team.

We spent the day touring the hospital, from one department to the next, taking note of equipment that required attention. The equipment operators in each department briefed us on the status of malfunctioning equipment. We took notes and asked some questions, and also collected as many operation/service manuals as we could find.

The following biomedical equipment were found to be in need of restoration:
  • Laboratory - centrifuge, scale, blood analyzer, microscope
  • Surgical Unit - autoclave, anaesthesia machine
  • Radiology Department - X-ray generator, ID camera (to scan patient information onto X-ray)
  • Maternity Department - incubator (baby warmer)
  • Ophthalmology Department - ophthalamic microscope

The following biomedical equipment were found to be in need of servicing (basic maintenance):

  • Maternity Department - ultrasound machine
  • Laboratory - blood analyzer, facscount, microscope
  • Radiology Department - mobile X-ray unit
  • Surgery - autoclaves

The following general equipment was found to be dysfunctional (causing inconvenience to hospital staff) or in need of service:

  • Washing machines and dryers
  • Refrigerators and freezers
  • Air-conditioners (in the laboratory)
  • Water heaters

We were able to familiarize ourselves with the infrastructure and challenges related to the hospital's equipment. Tomorrow we will start tackling problems in order of urgency.

Thursday, December 10, 2009

Day 2, Chicuque, Mozambique (post 6)

Today we reached Chicuque by bus from Maputo.

Upon our arrival at Chicuque Rural Hospital, we were received by Jeremias Franca, Chief Administrator. We began to discuss goals for the trip and the potential for further collaboration. He was welcoming and appreciative of our interest, and assisted us with accommodation and meals.

Outside of Chicuque Rural Hospital

Tomorrow we will meet the hospital staff, tour the facility, and begin to assess the inventory of biomedical equipment.

Wednesday, December 9, 2009

In transit from Maputo to Chicuque

Day 1, Maputo Mozambique (post 5)

We spent much of the day in the electro-medical maintenance shop with the maintenance team, comprised of 5 technicians (for the entire hospital).

We had a long discussion related to the workings and challenges of equipment management and were provided the following information.

The electro-medical technicians have not received any formal training, but do have some background in electronics. They rely primarily on experience and team work to solve problems.

Equipment is either purchased by the government or donated from various sources. Most of the sophisticated (expensive) machines are acquired from South Africa.

A large percentage of machines are presently malfunctioning or broken and no standard protocols for equipment restoration are in place.

The internal maintenance team repairs and services the smaller, less sophisticated machines. Larger equipment maintenance is managed through sub-contracts with manufacturing companies (often located in South Africa), and hence, access to service is inconsistent and unreliable.

The hospital cannot bear the cost of outsourced technical services and consumables are difficult to attain. Service and maintenance manuals are often missing or lost, and if present, are frequently printed in English (rather than Portuguese, the official language of Mozambique). In addition, users are not receptive to preventative maintenance protocols.

The above are some of the challenges (related to biomedical infrastructure) that the hospital faces.

The team was amenable to the idea of hosting students from Drexel to work alongside them, asserting that they would find such as arrangement to be "very advantageous".

Monday, December 7, 2009

Day 1, Maputo, Mozambique (post 4)

Outside the medical equipment maintenance shop with the head technician

We met with the Chief Administrative Director of the hospital who arranged for us to visit the medical equipment maintenance shop. The maintenance team comprises of five technicians with varying backgrounds. Most of the technicians have not received formal training and rely on previous experience to repair and service equipment.

Day 1, Maputo, Mozamabique (post 3)

Teaching conference conducted by UCSD resident


We attended a teaching conference with local and UCSD internal medicine residents at the hospital and learned that the major challenges faced by health care students and professionals include: lack of quality teaching, lack of computers and access to medical journals, lack of research facilities and lab delays.

Day 1, Maputo, Mozambique (post 2)

Dr. Preziosi and his team of residents

Dr. Preziosi and Alexa


Dr. Preziosi is an attending physician at HCM and graduate of the University of California – San Diego (UCSD). He supervises UCSD residents completing “Global Medicine Elective Rotations” here in Maputo. Dr. Preziosi and his team of residents, through a collaborative program between HCM and UCSD, work closely with local residents, training them through daily conferences, case-study discussions and journal writing workshops.

Day 1 in Maputo, Mozambique (post 1)

Me standing outside Maputo Central Hospital


Today we visited Maputo Central Hospital (HCM) with Dr. Michael Preziosi. Dr. Preziosi is an attending physician at HCM and a graduate of the University of California – San Diego (UCSD).

HCM, located in the nation’s capital, is a 1200-bed teaching hospital serving a population of over 2 million people. It is the only hospital in the nation equipped with specialty services such as major surgery, diagnostic imaging (MRI, CT), orthopaedics, oncology, ICU and laboratory.